Anemia Reduction Program In Adolescents: Scoping Review

ABSTRACT


RESULTS
In the documentation of this research article using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Flowcharts (PRISMA) (Tricco et al., 2018) in documenting article searches.
Assessment of the quality of articles as many as 10 articles of research conducted assessment of the quality of articles using mixed methods appraisal tools (MMAT).

A. Knowledge
The adolescent age group is a strategic target group that is in the learning process so that it is easy to absorb knowledge (Syakir, 2018)

B. Behavior
Social changes and increasingly modern lifestyles in society tend to increase various problems in the quality of life of adolescent girls who are at risk for health (Irnawati et al., 2019).The intention to prevent anemia is one of the early forms of Health Behavior formation (P.Sari, 2020).
Lack of motivation and low awareness of adolescent girls result in the ability or behavior in preventing anemia is also low (Hashim et al., 2018).A person's knowledge affects the prevention behavior of anemia during menstruation (Mularsih, 2017).So that young women need motivation, which is closely related to behavior as the generation of forces that encourage or attract someone so that their behavior is directed at achieving goals (Noer et al., 2017).The results of the previous study found that all students had received blood supplement packages for free, but not all students spent their blood supplement tablets due to nausea and dislike of the smell or taste of the blood supplement tablets (Widiastuti & Rusmini, 2019).In fact, there is a significant relationship between compliance with the consumption of tablets added blood with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls, that the more compliant in consuming tablets added blood then the levels of HB adolescent girls will increase (Savitri et al., 2021).The community empowerment increase opportunities, participation, and access to health services of women in their household and community (Aprillia et al., 2023).

C. Characteristics of adolescents
Adolescent girls need more iron to replace iron lost during menstruation (Nofianti et al., 2021)

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Based on the analysis of the 10 eligible articles in this study, it can be seen that there is a program in the treatment of anemia for adolescents including the administration of blood-added tablets, food fortification, and health monitoring for  The prevalence of anemia in peripheral adolescents ranged from 58.4% with the highest incidence in adolescent girls (p<0.001) and families with family members >6 or more (p=0.036).The results of this study indicate the prevalence of anemia and the low level of knowledge and practice of anemia prevention in peripheral adolescents is necessary to improve the status of anemia in peripheral adolescents.

A2
( This study showed that the average adolescent received 0.4-1.4tablets plus blood and the average adolescent who tablets the average consumption of tablets plus blood 0.4-0.7 tablets plus blood in the last 6 months.The final result of this study shows that the coverage of weekly consumption of blood supplement tablets in adolescents in East Java and NTT is still low.The results of this study showed that good knowledge about the consumption of tablets added blood every week influenced by gender, region of residence, sources of Information, economic status, knowledge of anemia, as well as remaya who consume tablets added blood >4.The existence of a health program that not only focuses on women, because of the results of this study teenage boys have less knowledge related to the consumption of tablets added blood and anemia in adolescents.

No
Anemia is a World Health problem that has a negative impact on development and in developing countries.Anemia is a strong indicator of health status and provides attention to health problems that affect infants, children, pregnant women and postpartum women as well as women and adolescents who experience menstruation.Anaemia is estimated to affect half a billion women 15-49 years of age and 269 million children 6-59 months of age worldwide.In 2019, 30% (539 million) of non-pregnant women and 37% (32 million) of pregnant women aged 15-49 years were affected by anaemia (WHO, 2023).Anemia is a health problem that causes sufferers to experience fatigue, fatigue and lethargy that will have an impact on creativity and productivity.Not only that, anemia also increases the susceptibility of disease in adulthood and gives birth to a generation with nutritional problems (Kemenkes RI, 2022).The previous research shows that there is a significant effect of giving Fe tablets to increase Hb levels in adolescent (Halimah Sarjiati, 2020).Young women who are anemic are at risk of becoming women of childbearing age who are anemic, then become an anemic mother who can experience chronic lack of energy during pregnancy later.Chronic lack of energy in pregnant women can increase the likelihood of giving birth to low birth weight (LBW) and stunting babies (Kemenkes RI, 2022).The prevalence of anemia incidence is dominated by developing countries, most of which come from the lower middle socioeconomic class (WHO, 2020).Globally in 2019, 40% of children aged 6-59 months, 37% of pregnant women and 30% of women aged 15-49 years had anemia (Stevens et al., 2022).Nearly a quarter of the world's population or about 1.8 million had anemia in 2019 (Safiri et al., 2021).The incidence of anemia in Indonesia is still quite high.Based on Riskesdas 2018 data, the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 32%, meaning that 3-4 out of 10 adolescents suffer from anemia.This is influenced by the habit of non-optimal nutritional intake and lack of physical activity (Ministry of Health RI, cross-sector and cross-program services, strengthening cooperation, leadership, and government at all levels and expanding research, education and innovation in anemia management (WHO, 2023).The Indonesian government has designed a nutritious Action Movement that aims to increase awareness of you, your friends and all school residents about fulfilling nutrition for teenagers including physical activity, eating together and consuming blood-adding tablets (Fe Tablets) for teenage girls (Kemenkes RI, 2022).This movement proved effective in (1) increasing knowledge about nutrition before and after the intervention; (2) increasing the proportion of all adolescents having a positive attitude towards Fe tablets and rematri who consume Fe tablets every week; (3) an increase in adolescents who did 60 minutes of physical activity/day and consumed fruits and vegetables after the intervention; and (4) the proportion of adolescent girls who consumed weekly fe tablets was 12 times more likely to increase after the intervention (Ministry of Health, 2022).This Scoping review aims to identify programs related to the treatment of anemia in adolescents, identify support and obstacles in the implementation of anemia reduction programs in the world.This study is expected to provide significant value to policies and programs so as to increase the knowledge, awareness, and participation of adolescents in anemia prevention programs.METHODS AND MATERIALS This research article is an article that uses literature review to identify research articles that are in accordance with the research objectives with reference to the Arkshey & O'malley framework (Peters et al., 2017).Literature review in this study aims to map the evidence and identify differences between research results.Researchers use the PEO (population, exposure and outcome) framework to assist in the search for research articles, determine inclusion and exclusion criteria and also identify appropriate research articles.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Article based on Country

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Article Based on Study Design 3. Characteristics of research articles based on the quality of research articles

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Article based Quality . Young women have less anemia knowledge related to the selection of foods that contain iron, foods that are helpful and foods that inhibit iron absorption in the body(Fitriana &   Pramardika, 2019).The results of the(Simanungkalit et al., 2019) study found that adolescent girls with knowledge of anemia who were less at risk were 3.3 times more likely to experience anemia.Meanwhile, young women who have good knowledge about anemia will tend to meet their food consumption and nutritional needs to avoid anemia problems (R.N.Sari et al., 2022).Knowledge about nutrition is needed by young women, which information can be obtained both from schools and the mass media(Sab'ngatun & Riawati, 2021).If young women experience anemia, it will have knowledge of anemia is one of the causes of unsupportive behavior in the Prevention of anemia during menstruation, because students do not understand or only receive information that is not comprehensive(Mularsih, 2017).
the characteristics of adolescents.The use of educational media in education and socialization related to anemia and its prevention for adolescents is expected to increase knowledge and awareness